It is the place where the assemblies of the Church of the municipality took place in Ancient Athens.
Here, important figures of Greek history and culture were spoken here: orators, generals and politicians, such as Pericles, Aristides, Kolokotronis, Themistocles, Demosthenes, Aischinis and others.
It was excavated in 1910 and between 1930 and 1937.
In the area of ​​Pnyx there are the sunsets of Metaion, where observations were made about the location of the sun, the moon and the celestial bodies, which led to great discoveries about them.
The Meton's calendar was used in the Antikythera Mechanism.
It is also used by Christians to set Easter.

The students of class Α1 within the framework of the subject "Principles of Linear and Architectural Design" and part of class A3 within the framework of the subject of Technology Research of 1EPAL Drapetsonas, the students of B' class of the Sector of Structural Engineering, Structured Environment and Architectural Design and the students of C' class of the Speciality of Structural Works and Geoinformatics of the Sector of Structural Engineering, Structured Environment and Architectural Design of 1EPAL Drapetsonas, an Upper Secondary Vocational School located in the Municipality of Keratsini-Drapetsona, Attica, Greece.

The students in their courses, visited the historic centre of Athens and recorded architectural masterpieces of the city by creating a esri StoryMap.

You can visit he students" StoryMap here: https://3ekpeiraia.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=1a19ea24319d40769e846db0bab94443

At the construction stage, many ancient finds come to light and after the analysis of the landscape, the synthesis takes place, solving the aesthetic and functional issues that arise. Plantings of specific plants are made in specific locations. The flora of antiquity is substantially enhanced. Together with small buildings and new constructions, the plants organize the look and create values such that the walk becomes a spiritual experience. The modulation of the landscape is dominated by modesty in scale and respect for nature and history, and a work of vertebrate fragments, a Greek landmark of great global value. The Ancient Agora/The Stoa of Attalos (Fig. 14) Prehistorically was a place of houses and funerary monuments with remarkable gifts, while from the 6th c. BC until the 2nd c. AD became the center of the city in classical and Hellenistic times. Major public buildings and sanctuaries of the city were erected, such as the Temple of Hephaestus, the Poikilis gallery, the gallery of Attalos, and others, a strong administrative, political, judicial, commercial, religious, and cultural activity has developed.

The city-state with its qualities and its characteristics is "projected" and traced to the activities of the Ancient Agora. The Panathinaiki street rosed the area, from which the great procession to the Acropolis passed during the Panathenaic feast. In the construction of the Agora extensive destructions were made by the Persian troops in 480 BC, from the sacking of Sulla's troops in 86 BC, 267 AD from the invasion of the Heroules and repeated attacks of barbarian peoples from the 4 th century to the end of the 6th c. A.D. with the Slav invasion, so the final decline of space came. Later on, around 1000, the temple of the Holy Apostles of Solakis was built and its architecture is the first example of the so-called Athenian style. Excavations in space began in 1931 by the American School of Classical Studies in Athens. In 1956 the gallery of Attalos was restored and the church of the Holy Apostles was renovated.

Another monument the student studied is the Horologion of Andronikos Kyrristos (Fig. 18), a monument of ancient Roman and Hellenistic architecture, erected by the Greek astronomer Andronikos (1st century BC). It is an octagonal building of Pentelic marble, 12 meters tall with a conical tile

roof. At the top, there was a bronze vane, which was pointed in the direction of one of the main winds. The eight personalized winds are embossed on each side of the tower, engraved with their names. The building consisted of a solar and hydraulic watch and is considered to be the world's oldest meteorological and meteorological monument

The Ancient Roman Agora (Fig. 17) was a large square-shaped atrium surrounded by columns of Ionic rhythm with a propylon which is still preserved. On the one hand, some buildings were used as shops. The construction of the market was financed by the emperor Octavian August, while on the reign of Emperor Adrianus (2nd century AD) he expanded. During the Ottoman domination, workshops, houses, and the Fetichie Mosque were used as a bazaar. Systematic excavations took place between 1837-45, 1890-91, 1910, 1930-31, 1940-42, 1963-64, 1955, 1956-66, 1968, 1984-85, 1989, 1991. A remarkable building is the 'Winds'. There are ruins, or renovated structures of temples, basilicas, or arches.

The temple of Saint Dimitrios Loumbardiaris (Fig. 12) has been proclaimed by UNESCO as a monument of modern architecture of world importance in 1958, while the rest of the formations have been UNESCO monuments since 1996. The temple was built during the Ottoman domination as a vaulted, one-aisled basilica with a cylindrical roof slab. Over time it has been added to the west. The restoration and maintenance, as well as the exterior configurations of 1955, are due to the architect Dimitris Pikionis. At that time the exterior walls were decorated with architectural drawings of ceramics and marble. Old post-Byzantine frescoes, which were preserved and revealed in the Byzantine iconostasis, were revealed. Access is made by following Pikioni's paved road in a verdant environment.

Landscapes, a spiritual walk in Philopappou and the Acropolis by Dimitris Pikionis (Fig. 13). From 1954 to 1958, a multifaceted artist, architect, professor at the Polytechnic, an intellectual and extremely moral person, Dimitrios Pikionis formed the archaeological site around the Acropolis and the hill of Filopappou, forming paths, cobblestones, plantations, resting places, viewing. He restored the temple of St. Demetrius of Lumbardia and built the tourist kiosk next to the small temple, which is unfortunately now in a state of abandonment. The works of the external configurations were the result of experiential experience and not design in a design. He worked systematically and collectively with his students and local lithographers. The construction material of the paved walk is fragments of demolitions of neoclassical. The pavement infrastructure with a 25 cm thick boxed sand substrate leaves the rainwater to filter on the ground. The final tracing was made on traces of ancient trails, dictated by the history of the place, after the asphalt had been removed, covering them by extinction.

Maria – Amalia’s Merkouri marble Bust (Fig. 5) (1920-1994), work of the sculptor Anastasios Kratidis (built-in 1999), is located opposite Adrian's Gate and the beginning of the pedestrian walkway of Dionysios Areopagitou.  A family politician, an actor, and an international actor linked her name to the claim of the Parthenon sculptures.

The Makriyanni district is located below the Acropolis, reaching Syngrou Avenue, and took its name after General Makriyannis, who lived in the area.

2. Makrygianni District  

The statue of the hero of the Greek revolution, Makriyannis, work of the sculptor Yiannis Pappas, was erected in 1996 to honor his offer to his homeland. The statue stands across the Acropolis Museum (Fig. 7)

The Acropolis Museum is an archaeological museum and houses the findings of the archaeological site, found on the sacred rock of the Acropolis, as well as at the foot of it, covering a long period of the history of the place. The new museum was inaugurated in 2009, has an area of 25,000sqm and its design came after an international architectural competition (1989), with the first prize of the study by Bernard Tsoumi and Michalis Fotiadis and their collaborators, which was implemented. Situated at Makriyianni area and communicating with the sacred rock and its monuments, as it is located 280m across from the Parthenon (Fig. 8).

Dioysiou Areopagitou Street (Fig. 6) runs the wider area of the Acropolis. Paved in 2003 and has since become the most popular public space in the city, and is also a living outdoor museum. On this street is the Acropolis Museum, the entrance of the Athenian Herodes Conservatory, the altar of the Nymphs, the statue of General Makriyiannis, the Weiler building, and other wonderful buildings of the 19th and 20th centuries. (eg buildings of the interwar period at numbers 17 and 37). The walk develops literally in the shadow of the Acropolis, offering unique pictures of its monuments. With small detours, the walker can visit the Lysikratis sponsorship monument, Saint Dimitrios Lampardiaris (post-Byzantine chapel), Pnyx Hill, the Observatory and Church of Agia Marina, Thissio Square, Temple of Hephaestus, Ancient Market, the Roman Agora, Anafiotika, and the picturesque area of Plaka with Monastiraki square, the cemeteries of KERAMEIKOS, the Asomaton Square, the Museum of Contemporary Ceramics and others. Access via Metro at Acropolis Station. Particularly aesthetic and historical value is the interior of the station with copies of the Parthenon sculptures and a report with findings, discovered at the stage of construction of the station.

The Acropolis Museum is an archaeological museum and houses the findings of the archaeological site, found on the sacred rock of the Acropolis, as well as at the foot of it, covering a long period of the history of the place. The new museum was inaugurated in 2009, has an area of 25,000sqm and its design came after an international architectural competition (1989), with the first prize of the study by Bernard Tsoumi and Michalis Fotiadis and their collaborators, which was implemented. Situated at Makriyianni area and communicating with the sacred rock and its monuments, as it is located 280m across from the Parthenon (Fig. 8).

The Acropolis of Athens, a Unesco World Heritage Monument (Fig. 10) was the next picturesque visited by the students. The hill, inhabited since the third millennium BC, welcomed the most important sanctuary of the ancient city, dedicated to the goddess Athena. The Parthenon, as well as the rest of the monuments of the Acropolis Erechtheion, Propylaea, Temple of Athena, or Aptera Nike, were built at the time of Pericles combining landscape and masterpieces of classical art in architecture and sculpture, leaving a spiritual impression for many centuries. Small and insignificant buildings were added during the Roman period, during the Byzantine period, the Parthenon was converted into a Christian temple, during Frankish rule in a Catholic temple, and during the Ottoman domination in a mosque. Then, most disasters occurred in the Parthenon and the Propylaea from blasting. The martyrdom of the Parthenon, the temple of Athena Nike, and the Erechtheion from architectural parts and sculptures were caused by the English lord Elgin shortly before the 1821 revolution, which he had transported to England, to date. Restoration, conservation, and restoration of the Acropolis monuments have taken place since 1834.

Philopappou Hill (Fig. 11), located on the southwest corner of the Acropolis and is an important natural-historical complex along with the hill of Nymphs and Pnyx. On the hill is a monument of Philopappou, which was intact until 1436 and was a mausoleum. It contained the sarcophagus of Philopappus, which had been proclaimed Roman magistrate of Athens. It had a height of 9 meters and a surface of 7X5 meters. Today, only two-thirds of the monument's facade remains hosting performances and decorative elements. On the hill, which covers an area of 700 acres, scattered antiquities and ancient carvings were found.

Herod Atticus Odeon (Fig. 9) is an ancient conservatory and a building of the Roman period. It was built at the expense of Herodes Atticus. Its construction was completed in 161 AD and suffered great disasters in 267 AD. Its complete restoration was completed in 1950. Since then it has been used for music and other cultural events.

The Project's area in the historical centre of Athens/Greece

Hadrian Triumphal Arc (Fig. 3) is a monument - a triumphal arch, 18m high and 13m wide, built during the period 131-132 AD, in honor and gratitude to Emperor Hadrian for his total contribution to the city of Athens. The lower part has the shape of the Roman honorary apse, while it resembles the Greek Propylaia. The monument has its own two faces that hold the following inscriptions in the epistle:

1.      On the NW side:

“ΑΙΔ’ ΕΙΣΙΝ ΑΘΗΝΑΙ ΘΗΣΕΩΣ Η ΠΡΙΝ ΠΟΛΙΣ”- Here is Athens, the ancient city of Theseus.

2.      On the SE side:

 “ΑΙΔΕ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟΥ Κ’ ΟΥΧΙ ΘΗΣΕΩΣ ΠΟΛΙΣ.”-This is the city of Hadrian, and not of Theseus.

Although the monument is well preserved, atmospheric pollution has been destroying it slowly but 'irreparably' in recent decades, discoloring marbles and altering the clarity of inscriptions.

The area the Project developed in the centre of Athens/Greece 

The Olympeion Temple (Sanctuary of Olympian Zeus) is dedicated to Zeus (Fig. 4). Its erection begins in 500 BC and remains unfinished for some 400 years. It was completed in 125-129 AD by Emperor Hadrian. It is located on the Acropolis and is one of the largest temples of the ancient world, making it one of the most famous examples of marble architecture. The wonderful sculptures (decoration and statues) that adorned the temple have not survived. The excavation began in the period 1889-1896 and continued in a second phase in 1960. Today it is an open-air museum and is, as a historical site, part of the unification of the archaeological sites of Athens.

Initially, the project (left side of Fig. 2) presents the school and the student classes which participated. Specifically, the students of class Α1 within the framework of the subject "Principles of Linear and Architectural Design" and part of class A3 within the framework of the subject of Technology Research, the students of B' class of the Sector of Structural Engineering, Structured Environment and Architectural Design and the students of C' class of the Specialty of Structural Works and Geoinformatics of the Sector of Structural Engineering, Structured Environment and Architectural Design of 1sth Vocational Lycium Drapetsonas (1sth EPAL), an Upper Secondary Vocational School located in the Municipality of Keratsini-Drapetsona, Attica, Greece participated in the project. The students with their professors visited the Historic Centre of Athens and recorded architectural masterpieces of the city. 

Details of the Project

The ancient Greek 'Temple of Hephaestus', (Fig. 19) or 'Thissio', was built on the western boundaries of the Ancient Agora and was dedicated to Hephaestus, the protector of the metallurgists, and to Ergani Athena, the protector of ceramics and cottage industry. Excavations have confirmed the existence of metallurgical workshops in the wider region. Its construction began in 450 BC. and today it is one of the best-preserved monuments of the Agora and the best-preserved temple of Doric order in Greece.